IDOR (Insecure Direct Object Reference)

Theory
When web applications badly implement access objects directly (files, database objetcs) with user-supplied inputs, they can be vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) allowing attackers to access unauthorized resources.
Practice
Testers need to identify input vectors (parts of the app that accept content from the users) that could be used for direct object reference like:
​http://some.website/account?id=**13984**​
​http://some.website/assets/**c29tZXBkZi5wZGY%3D**​
In order to test IDOR vulnerabilities, testers can follow two methodologies that depend on the context:
Testers can have accounts on the web app: 
access different objects from two accounts
then save the values
then try to access an user's object from another user
They can't have accounts on the web app: try to access other user's objects by
randomly changing the parameters
identifyinf integer values that increment/decrement depending on the referenced object
identifying string values that are encoded (hex, base64) depending on the referenced object
IDOR to self-XSS
While self-XSS are usually out-of-scope in bug bounty programs, and considered impactless in pentest engagements, combining an IDOR to a self-XSS can be impactful when triggering a self-XSS on another user. That is possible when there is an IDOR vulnerability when editing user's non-public info that can trigger an XSS.
References
Penetration Testing and Vulnerability Assessment: ENCIPHERS
ENCIPHERS: Demystifying Security, one vulnerability at a time
Insecure direct object references (IDOR) | Web Security Academy
WebSecAcademy
How-To: Find IDOR (Insecure Direct Object Reference) Vulnerabilities for large bounty rewards | @Bugcrowd
Bugcrowd

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